Ezindaweni zokusebenza zangaphandle-zesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezifana nesifutho sikasawoti ogwini, ukungcoliswa kwezimboni, imvula ene-asidi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama, kanye nemijikelezo yokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, amapuleti ejoka avamile ajwayele ukugqwala, ukugqwala, ukuncipha, ukuqhekeka, ngisho nokuphuka, okubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kolayini wokuphila engozini ngokuqondile, ukuphepha kwephrojekthi nokuthembeka. Ngakho-ke, sikhetha amapuleti ejoka amelana nokugqwala, angahlala egqwalile{3}}engenayo{4}}ukwehluleka-mahhala, futhi{6}}angaphuki{7}}iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50 ngaphansi kwezindawo ezigqwalile. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwawo akubangelwa nje ukumbozwa kwengubo, kodwa kunalokho kuwuhlelo olubanzi lwezinyathelo zokulwa{11}}zokugqwala ezisekelwe kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izimiso ze-electrochemical, ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bomhlaba, kanye nedizayini yesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuvela ezindleleni ezine: ukuvikelwa kwesithiyo, ukuvikelwa komhlatshelo kwe-cathodic, ukuvikela ukuziphilisa{13}}ukuziphulukisa, kanye{14}}nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwesakhiwo. Amapuleti ejoka abekwa endaweni evulekile isikhathi eside, ebhekana nezici eziningi ezonakalisayo, okuhlanganisa ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, ukugqwala kwemboni, ukugqwala komswakama, ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa kwamabhayisikili, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, nokuhuzuka kwesihlabathi nothuli. Ngaphandle kwamapuleti ejoka amelana nokubola, ukushintshwa okuvamile kungadingeka phakathi{17}}nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside, kukhushulwe izindleko zokusebenza.
Amandla okwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ngokuvamile ayindinganiso yokulinganisa wonke amandla omphakeli wepuleti lejoka elimelana nokugqwala kanye nento ebalulekile abasebenzisi baphesheya abayicabangela lapho bekhetha umaqondana. Ngokombono wesakhiwo somkhiqizo, amapuleti ejoka afaka umklamo olula, inqubo yokubumba evumelana nezimo, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza olawulekayo, nokukhethwa okuphezulu, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso okusekelwe kumidwebo yomsebenzisi, izindinganiso, nezimo zokusebenza.
Ubukhulu besakhiwo isici esenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu ngabasebenzisi baphesheya kwezilwandle, okunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi ipuleti lejoka elimelana nokubola lingafakwa ngokushelela yini, noma ngabe ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kunengqondo, nokuthi liyahambisana yini nezinhlelo ezikhona. Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kuyenzeka ngomumo, ukuhlukana kwembobo, ububanzi bembobo, ukujiya kwepuleti, kanye nobukhulu bebonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo, okuhlanganisa imiklamo engenawo amakhona abukhali noma ama-burrs, kanye noshintsho oluyindilinga ngokugcwele ukuze sinciphise ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi, sithuthukise ukumelana nokukhathala, futhi sivimbele ukunqwabelana kwamanzi, ukunqwabelana kothuli, nokugqwala kwemifantu.
Amaphrojekthi ahlukene anezidingo ezihlukene zamandla emishini, umthwalo ophukayo, kanye nesici sokuphepha samapuleti ejoka amelana nokugqwala; ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngokwezifiso nakho kuyenzeka, okuhlanganisa ukuphuka komthwalo, isici sokuphepha, kanye nebanga lamandla, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Izinto zokwakha ziwumgogodla wepuleti lejoka. Amandla esivuno, amandla aqinile, ubude,{1}}ukuqina komthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukushisela, nokuhambisana nokugqama kungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo. Impela, uma unezinye izidingo, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi futhi sizokunikeza-isixazululo esisodwa esingenzeka.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwepuleti lejoka elimelana nokugqwala kuvela endleleni yokuvikela ukugqwala, okuwumgogodla okuwukuhlukanisa i-substrate endaweni egqwalayo.
Ukuvikelwa komhlatshelo we-Cathodic
Esilinganisweni somsebenzi wensimbi, i-zinc inomsebenzi wamakhemikhali ophakeme kakhulu kune-iron. Uma ungqimba oluvimbela{1}}ukugqwala lunemihuzuko emincane, umonakalo, noma izikhala, i-steel substrate iyavela. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-zinc iba yi-anode futhi insimbi iba yi-cathode. Umhwamuko wamanzi nesifutho sikasawoti kwakha i-electrolyte. I-Zinc ikhethwa ngokukhetha ukugqwala, incibilike, futhi idliwe, kuyilapho insimbi ingagqwali ngokuphelele, ayigqwali, futhi ayilahleki. Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho noma ingaphezulu lepuleti lejoka elimelana nokugqwala linemihuzuko emincane noma umonakalo wokushayisana, insimbi yangaphakathi isavikelekile futhi ngeke igqwale.
I-passivation self-isivikelo sokuphulukisa
Ngemva kokuthi ungqimba lwezinki selufakwe i-oxid emkhathini, luzosheshe lwakheke ifilimu eyisisekelo ye-zinc carbonate passivation eminyene,-engaconsi,{1}}engancibiliki, futhi ezinzile ngokwesakhiwo. Le filimu ye-passivation izovala ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo lapho ukugqwala kwenzeka khona, ivimbele umoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama ukuthi ungaqhubeki nokungena, futhi imise ukugqwala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ipuleti lejoka lensimbi engenasici lincike ku-chromium ukwenza ifilimu ye-chromium oxide passivation. Uma seliklwetshiwe, lizosabela ngokushesha ngomoya komoyampilo ukuze lizikhiqize kabusha futhi{5}}zilulame unomphela, lihlale lizinzile ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikela ukugqwala kwesakhiwo
Ipuleti lejoka linendawo ebushelelezi futhi awekho amakhona afile. Ngesikhathi sokuyisebenzisa, igwema ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside-emanzini, ukunqwabelana kothuli nokumuncwa komswakamo, ukugqwala kwemifantu, namachopho acijile namakhona kujwayele ukugqwala umgodi, ukulimala kokumboza, kanye nokugqwala kwengcindezi. Ikakhulukazi lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphandle, i-chamfering, polishing, kanye ne-deburring yenziwa ukuze kuqedwe ukugqwala esakhiweni. Izingxenye ezishiselwe nezihlukene ziyizindawo{4}ezinobungozi obukhulu bokugqwala. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, noma yiziphi izici ezonakalisayo kufanele zigwenywe.
Amashadi ashisayo: Ipuleti lejoka elimelana nokugqwala, abakhiqizi bamapuleti ejoka baseChina, abahlinzeki, imboni
