Kumongo wokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yesimanje yamandla omoya, ikakhulukazi{0}}amandla aphezulu asogwini kanye nezinjini zomoya zasogwini, ukudlidliza kube ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuphepha kwenjini yomoya, isikhathi sokuphila, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokuyilungisa. Njengoba ukuphakama kwehabhu le-wind turbine hub kuqhubeka nokwanda, ubude be-blade buqhubeka ubude, futhi{2}}umthamo weyunithi eyodwa uyaqhubeka nokukhula, izinkinga ezifana nokudlidliza komoya, i-tower resonance, ukunyakaziswa kwe-blade, ukudlidliza kweketango lokudlulisela, nokudlidliza kwesisekelo okubhekene nezinjini zomoya phakathi nokusebenza ziya ngokuya zigqama.
Ngakho-ke, kungani i-damper yokudlidliza idingeka ekusebenzeni kwamandla omoya? Umoya ovunguzayo, isivunguvungu, imimoya egundayo, kanye nomphumela wethunzi lombhoshongo kubangela ukuthi ama-blade ahlangane ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ekuphepheni kwe-blade kanye nokuzungeza, okudluliselwa ku-hub, shaft enkulu, ibhokisi likagiya, kanye nombhoshongo, okuholela ekudlidlizeni okuqhubekayo. Ukungalingani kwe-impeller mass, ukungahambi kahle kweshaft, ukuguga, kanye nemithelela yegiya ye-gearbox konke kukhiqiza{1}}ukudlidliza okuphezulu, okuyizimbangela ezinkulu zokuhluleka kweketango lokudlulisela. Umbhoshongo uyisakhiwo esizacile, esivumelana nezimo nokuqala okuphansi{3}imvamisa yemvelo yokuhleleka okuphansi, okuyenza ijwayele ukuzwakala ngokuzungeza kwe-impeller kanye ne-blade passage frequency. Uma i-resonance yenzeka, i-amplitude yokudlidliza ikhuliswa kakhulu, okusongela ukuphepha kwesakhiwo.
Yiziphi izingozi ezibangelwa ukudlidliza kuma-wind turbines? Ngaphansi kokudlidliza okuqhubekayo, impilo yokukhathala yama-gearbox, ama-bearings, ama-shaft amakhulu, nezinhlelo ze-yaw ifinyezwa kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuhluleka likhuphuka kakhulu. Ukudlidliza kungabangela amabhawodi we-flange we-tower flange nama-bolt ozimele amakhulu ukuthi axege, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, imifantu yokukhathala ingase ibonakale kumashisela. Ukweqa imikhawulo yokudlidliza kuzocupha ukuncishiswa komthwalo wesistimu yokulawula eyinhloko, ukukhawulela isivinini, nokuvikela ukuvala shaqa, kunciphisa ngokuqondile isikhathi nokukhishwa kwamandla okukhiqiza. Ukwehluleka okuhlobene nokudlidliza{3}}kuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-50% kwakho konke ukwehluleka kwenjini yomoya, futhi{5}}ukulungiswa okuphezulu kokuphakama nokusebenza ngaphandle kosebe kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa ziphezulu kakhulu. I-resonance{7}yesikhathi eside noma ukudlidliza okwedlulele kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-blade, ukuwohloka kombhoshongo, ukulimala kwesisekelo, kanye nezingozi ezimbi zokuphepha.
Lesi sihloko sethula ukusetshenziswa kwezidambisi gciwane kuma-wind turbine blades. Ama-blades ayizingxenye ezidlidliza kakhulu, ngokuyinhloko abonisa ukubhakuzisa, i-oscillation, i-flutter, kanye ne-icing{1}}okuvezwa ukudlidliza okungalinganiseli. Amadayimu amakhulu ashunwe ngaphakathi, afakwe ku-20%–40% wobude be-blade, asebenzisa i-mass block, iziphethu, kanye nesakhiwo sokumanzisa ukuze sivumelane nemvamisa yokudlidliza kwe-blade, cindezela ngokuphumelelayo- kanye{6}}ukuhleleka kwe-oda nokudlidliza okubhakuzisayo, ukunciphisa inkathi yokugoba kwe-blade yokuphila.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-dampers okudlidliza kunciphisa ukuphakama kokudlidliza kwe-blade ngo-30%–60%, kunciphisa ukulimala kokukhathala kwe-blade ngaphezu kuka-40%, kunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhekeka kwe-blade nokuhlehliswa, futhi kunciphisa umthelela ongalinganiseli wokudlidliza kwe-icing.
Imboni yamandla omoya ivamise ukusebenzisa ama-vibration dampers ezinhlobo ezahlukene nezimiso zokusebenza. Uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-tuned mass damper, equkethe i-mass block, i-spring, kanye ne-damper. I-frequency ishuniswe kumvamisa wokudlidliza oyinhloko we-turbine yomoya. Uma ukudlidliza kwenzeka, i-mass block ihambela kwelinye icala ukuze idle amandla. Inesakhiwo esithembekile, umphumela ozinzile, nokusebenza okubanzi.
Ama-turbines omoya asogwini asebenza ezindaweni ezinobunzima obuphindwe kaningi kunama-onshore. Ngakho-ke, isishicileli sokudlidliza kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nokugqwala, okuhlanganisa ukushisa-i-dip galvanizing, i-316L stainless steel, i-Dacromet coating, ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti amahora angaphezu kuka-1000, nokusebenza okuzinzile emazingeni okushisa asuka -ku-40℃kuya ku-80℃. Izindleko zokunakekelwa kwe-Offshore ziphezulu kakhulu, zidinga umklamo wempilo ende. I-hydraulic damper kufanele futhi yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukawoyela okungangcolisa ulwandle.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezingatholwa amapulazi omoya ngokusebenzisa i-Vibration Damper?
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwandayo, ukudlidliza okuncishisiwe{0}}kubangele ukulinganiselwa kwamandla kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula, ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinomoya oneziyaluyalu, kanye nokwenyuka kokuphehlwa kwamandla ngo-2%–8%; Ukuphila okunwetshiwe kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, ukuphila kwe-blade kukhuphuke ngo-20% -40%, impilo ye-gearbox inyuke ngo-30% -50%, nomonakalo wokukhathala kombhoshongo wehliswe ngo-30% -60%; zehliswe kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokunakekela, ukuncipha{9}}ukusebenza kokulungisa i-altitude, ama-gearbox ambalwa kanye nokushintshwa okuthwalayo, konga izinkulungwane kuya emashumini ezinkulungwane zamaRandi wase-US iturbine yomoya yangasogwini ngonyaka; okuthuthukisiwe sekukonke ukuphepha kwe-turbine, ukugwema ukuduma, ukuqinisa ukusinda ngaphansi kwezishingishane, ukuzamazama komhlaba, namagagasi, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokuxegiswa kwebhawodi kanye nokuqhekeka kwesakhiwo; umsindo oncishisiwe, ngokuncipha komsindo we-aerodynamic kanye nesakhiwo, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza lula ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi.
